Introduction: The Holy Grail of Body Composition Can you build muscle and lose fat simultaneously? Ask this question in most fitness communities and you'll get a definitive answer: "No. You need to bulk to gain muscle, then cut to lose fat. You can't do both at once." Ask exercise scientists, and you'll get a more nuanced response: "It depends." Body recomposition โ€” the simultaneous reduction of fat mass and increase of lean mass โ€” is real, documented, and achievable. But it requires specific conditions, specific people, and specific approaches. Understanding who can achieve it, how effโ€ฆ